漫威釋出新作「亞美莉嘉」 評價褒貶不一

首本漫威「亞美莉嘉」漫畫系列封面。圖片來源:漫威數位商店(Marvel's Digital Comic Shop)。

今年年初,美國漫畫公司漫威(Marvel)推出全新漫畫「亞美莉嘉‧莎薇絲」(America Chavez)。主人公亞美莉嘉是第一位出現在漫威宇宙(Marvel Universe)的拉丁裔同性戀主角。

許多讀者對此感到雀躍,認為這系列漫畫將提供關於移民、身分認同、性別等議題的討論空間,尤其美國現在的政治和社會局勢正值緊張狀態。

其他人則認為,過度著重於身份議題會犧牲漫畫的故事性。

這系列不只以身份認同為主題,也包含自我探索的故事。根據漫威官網,亞美莉嘉不單是打擊犯罪而已,她堅信教育和自我探索的重要性:「擁有超人般力量的青少年會怎麼樣實現小小的滿足感呢?當然是去大學上課啊!」

「亞美莉嘉‧莎薇絲」是漫威旗下唯一以女同志為主角的系列作,也是唯一以拉丁裔女同志為主角的漫畫。 (1) pic.twitter.com/FUIjHG3JI8

— ?瑪麗? (@宅女蕾絲邊) June 10, 2017

這部由小說家蓋比‧李維拉(Gabby Rivera)構思、由喬‧吉諾尼(Joe Quinones)作畫的漫畫,已在網路引發一連串關於同性戀和拉丁裔議題的討論。據哈芬頓郵報(Huffington Post,或譯赫芬頓郵報)的報導,作者群預想漫畫的封面是以各文化交融的方式呈現,像是利用「披頭四或希莉亞‧庫茲(Celia Cruz)等[…],我們討論的都是對美國文化有著極大影響,同時也擁有多重身份的人物。」:

America Chavez will not be the only character in the book with an intersecting identity,” Rivera said. “She will not be the sole representation of queer people and women and Latinas. There will be communities of folks all around her testing their super powers and finding strength within themselves. We’ve been very intentional with reflecting different body types and gender presentations. Our characters are black, Afro-Latinx, Asian, mixed and everything in between — like literally running the gamut of melanin, you know?

李維拉表示:「漫畫裡,不只是亞美莉嘉有著多重的身分,她也不會是唯一一位代表女同志或拉丁裔女性的角色。她身邊也會有一群人試著測試他們的超能力,並找尋自我的力量。我們刻意讓角色以不同的體態、性別來呈現自我,我們的角色不乏非裔、非洲拉丁裔、亞洲及混血等。這就像黑色素所有色階的人都有了。」

作者強調,在創作角色的過程中,她在漫畫裡看見「自己」:一位性感又複雜的有色女性。

「我要很棒的故事!也要很棒的角色!」

然而,不論故事或角色都免不了爭議和批評。漫畫首篇在網路上受到嚴厲的評論,遭批「性別第一,故事第二」。網友在許多影評評論文章底下留言,批評漫畫的故事情節,認為亞美莉嘉如此高漲的性別和文化意識,將會使該系列所欲達成的目標適得其反:

The dialogue was terrible, the Spanglish was racist (at best), the plot jumped around between various irrelevant points with little connection, the political commentary was a subtle as a sledgehammer, and there wasn't a single character with any sort of development (other than “random girlfriend whom the reader never gave a reason to care about broke up with the protagonist, in what might be one of the least realistic exchanges of dialogue ever written”).

The author is apparently hoping that “MINORITY LESBIAN YASSSS!!” will be enough to cover up for her complete inability to write either characters or plot lines, but this comic is so completely terrible in every aspect that I doubt she'll get away with calling everyone who points out its plethora of flaws “racist/homophobic”.

角色間對話處理得很不妥當,拉丁式英語可能帶有歧視,故事線跳來跳去沒有很好的連接性,想傳達精巧的政治評論卻弄巧成拙,而且竟然完全沒看到任何一個角色有成長的趨向。(除了和主角無預警分手的某任女朋友,他們分手那段對話可能是全漫畫裡最真實的一段對話。)

顯然作者是想藉由女同志議題來掩飾她構思故事上的無能。因為這部漫畫各方面真的糟透了,我懷疑作者會不會因此把批評她的人都貼上「種族歧視」或「恐同」的標籤。

許多YouTube使用者也開始討論這部漫畫想傳達的複雜議題,認為將一個角色的特定元素無限擴大,尚不足以讓讀者認同這個角色:

As a Latina myself, I am disgusted and insulted by America Chavez. I'm supposed to love and identify with this character? On what grounds? […] Why should I care about her or her story? Because she's a Latina queer? So what? That doesn't make her interesting. There are Latina queers all over the place here. That's not unique at all. […] I DON'T CARE if the main character of a comic is the same race or gender as me! Tell me a GOOD STORY with GOOD CHARACTERS! If the story and characters are solid and well written, then it won't MATTER what race, gender, sexuality, or creed that character is! Labels don't make a character. CHARACTER makes a character! And America Chavez has ZERO CHARACTER.

身為一位拉丁裔女性,我對亞美莉嘉這部漫畫感到羞恥。我到底為什麼要認同這樣的一個角色?[…]為什麼我要在乎她的故事?只因為她是拉丁裔同志?那又如何?這又不是讓一個故事有趣的原因。其他地方有成千上萬個同樣的人,這沒有甚麼好大驚小怪的。[…]我才不管主角是不是跟我是一樣的種族或性別,因為我要很棒的故事!也要很棒的角色!如果故事構思和角色架構的做得很好,那角色是什麼種族、性別、信仰、性向根本叫不重要!光貼標籤不會讓一個角色變好。好角色本身就會造就好角色!而亞美莉嘉‧莎薇絲根本就算不上好角色。

與網路媒體公司BuzzFeed合作的YouTube拉丁頻道Pero釋出影片LatiNoticias,影片中對這部漫畫也免不了一番冷嘲熱諷:

It's pretty fun that a character with the potential to excite so much hate from right-wing conservatives is literally named America. That's like if I named a new contraceptive Freedom Pills, or if her sidekick was a gender-nonconforming bald eagle. America Chavez was the third choice for the superhero's name after Marvel passed on “Uracis Ifudonlykme” [You’re racist if you don’t like me] and “Sue-Kit White Concervadores” [Suck it, white conservatives].

這真的非常好笑。看到名為「亞美利堅」(America)的角色會有如此能耐激起各方保守派的仇視。就像我將避孕藥命名為「自由小藥丸」(Freedom Pills),或亞美莉嘉的夥伴是一隻「性別表現不一致」(gender nonconforming)的老鷹。亞美莉嘉這個角色名其實是漫威名單中的第三順位,他們還考慮過「Uracis Ifudonlykme」(音同「You’re racist if you don’t like me」:你種族歧視你不接受我)和「Sue-Kit White Concervadores」(音同「Suck it, white conservatives」:去死吧保守白人)。

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