（原文發表於 2019 年二月二十六日）

從這段網路上廣為流傳的兩分鐘影片中，你可以看到十九歲的 Pedro Henrique Gonzaga 臉朝下，趴在巴西里約熱內盧一家超市的地上。他的雙手已經癱在兩邊，一動也不動了，而超市保全 Davi Amâncio 卻還是〔整個人〕趴在他身上、抓著他的脖子。

有個路人喊道：「他的手都癱了！」；另一個則說：「他已經昏過去了」。但這個保全人員卻不肯放手。有個男人走近當時在場拍攝的人，質問他：「你拍這幹嘛？你是警察派來的嗎？這裡面禁止攝影。」有個女士大聲喊著，說 Pedro 什麼也沒做；而這個保全人員卻一口咬定：「你在說謊！」

那是二月十四日，一個星期四。Pedro 後來被送往醫院，但不到一個小時，他就因失去心跳而宣告不治。

超市的管理階層發表了一則聲明，說 Pedro 曾經嘗試要偷 Amâncio 的槍。閉路電視的影片則顯示，在 Pedro 被壓制之前，他曾經和 Amâncio 交談，並且兩次倒地。

Young black man is suffocated to death, by white security guards, from a supermarket in prime area of ​​Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. pic.twitter.com/vbh4BsC1zu

— Santiago, Raull. (@raullsantiago) February 15, 2019

黑人青年在巴西里約熱內盧黃金地段的超市內，因白人保全〔的壓制〕窒息而死。pic.twitter.com/vbh4BsC1zu

— Santiago, Raull. (@raullsantiago) February 15, 2019

Amâncio 當場被捕，但隨即便被保釋，並且尚未被控以任何罪名。負責此案的警察局長告訴媒體，Amâncio 是「防衛過當」。

Pedro 遇害的時候，他的親友也在店裡。他們告訴警方，當時他們正要帶 Pedro 去一處藥癮戒治中心，〔只不過〕想順道在超市買點生活必需品〔而已〕。

手無寸鐵的黑人青年死於保全之手，讓許多巴西人心有戚戚焉。

根據官方紀錄，這個南美國家每年有六萬件凶殺案，而其中三分之一的〔受害者〕是二十歲以下的黑人男性；每二十三分鐘，就有一名黑人男性死於非命。許多黑人男性在長大成人的過程中，就已漸漸習慣被當局或社會大眾當成罪犯。

在推特（Twitter）上，巴西著名饒舌歌手暨創業家 Fioti 回憶起自己第一次被警察給攔下的情景：

Meu primeiro enquadro foi com 11 anos de idade, pasmem estava indo para o Shopping D com meu irmão, iamos no cinema. No Ponto de ônibus a polícia na frente de todos nos fez levantar a camiseta e apontou a arma para nós. Eu achei que fosse morrer, esse foi apenas o primeiro.

— Fioti (@fiotioficial) February 16, 2019

The first time I was stopped and frisked I was 11 years old. Believe it or not, I was on my way to the mall, with my brother, we were going to the cinema. At the bus stop, in front of everyone, the police made us lift our shirts and pointed their guns at us. I thought I was going to die, this was just the first time.

第一次被攔下來搜身的時候，我十一歲。信不信由你，我那時和我哥哥一起，正要去購物中心看電影。警察在公車站、當著所有人的面，叫我們把衣服掀起來，還用槍指著我們。我那時以為自己就要死了，而這只是我第一次〔遇上這種事〕。

社運人士 Rene Silva 憶起，在過去，有一些黑人孩童和青少年在被人殺害之後，還在社群媒體上被描繪成是罪犯：

Não sei se vocês lembram, mas quando o Eduardo morreu aqui no Complexo do Alemão, tentaram de toda forma incriminar o menino de 10 anos de idade que estava com celular no portão de casa. Até surgiu uma foto de uma criança armada e disseram que era ele.

— Rene Silva ✊? (@eurenesilva) February 16, 2019

I don’t know if you guys remember, but when Eduardo died here at Complexo do Alemão [a slum in Rio de Janeiro], they have tried every possible way to incriminate that 10-year-old boy, who was playing with his cell phone at the doorstep of his house. A picture of a child carrying a gun even popped up and people said it was him.

我不知道你們是不是還記得，但那時在 Eduardo 死在了 Complexo do Alemão 這裡〔里約熱內盧一處貧民窟〕之後，他們便想方設法，要讓那個事發之時只是在自家門前玩著手機的十歲男孩看上去有罪。那時候甚至還冒出了一張小孩拿著槍的照片，然後就有人說「照片裡的就是他」。

A Maria Eduarda, que morreu DENTRO DA ESCOLA, enquanto estava na aula de educação física, inventaram que ela andava de moto com meninos de fuzil. É sempre a mesma história. Tentam nos incriminar de todas as formas!

— Rene Silva ✊? (@eurenesilva) February 16, 2019

[With] Maria Eduarda, who died INSIDE HER SCHOOL while at physical education class, people invented that she was riding motorcycles with guys holding shotguns. It’s always the same story. They try to incriminate us in every way.

而 Maria Eduarda 呢？他是在上體育課的時候，死在學校裡的。人們卻杜撰說，他是和拿著長槍、騎著摩托車的男人們混在一起。總是這一類的故事。他們想盡辦法要陷我們於罪。

2015 年四月，十歲的 Eduardo de Jesus 被警察射殺身亡，而那名警員卻未被起訴。調查報告中說，那名警員是因為受到不明槍手攻擊而採取行動，屬於正當防衛──然而這與目擊者的證詞不符。依目擊者所言，當時並無槍擊事件發生。

2017 年三月，十三歲的 Maria Eduarda da Conceição 受到警匪槍戰的波及，身中三槍死在了自己的校園裡。一名警員因此被控蓄意殺人。

在一個推特討論串中，歌手 MC Carol 細數自小所經歷過的種族歧視──在贏得學校裡一場比賽之後，他得到了在施洗約翰（Saint John）誕生日（巴西傳統節慶）扮演「新娘」一角的機會。可是，和他搭檔的白人男孩不願意和他跳舞。Carol 說，在成長過程中，他總是對白人感到害怕。

Esse foi um dois primeiros contatos com o racismo. Na verdade o primeiro foi no PRIMEIRO DIA DE AULA. No primeiro dia eu fui trancada no banheiro por meninas brancas! (Eu já postei sobre isso e eu fui questionada por lembrar disso tão pequena, deve ser pq quando doi muito, marca) pic.twitter.com/c3k5HPXZUu

— MC Carol (@mc_caroloficial) February 17, 2019

This was one of my first contacts with racism. Actually, the first one was on THE FIRST DAY AT SCHOOL. On my first day, I was locked in the bathroom by a group of white girls! (I’ve posted about it before and I was questioned for remembering something that happened when I was so young, I must remember because it hurt a lot)

這是我的「種族歧視初體驗」之一。事實上，我最早的「種族歧視初體驗」發生在入學第一天。我第一天上學，就被一群白人女孩鎖在廁所裡！（我以前就寫過這件事情，還被質疑說，我怎麼可能記得那麼小的時候發生的事情。我肯定記得，因為那件事讓我很難過。）

以「巴西歷史」相關討論串而成為推特名人的作家 Ale Santos 對 Pedro Gonzaga 被害一事背後的意涵做了一番整理：

O racismo brasileiro é um crime perfeito: ele cria as condições que espalha a violência e ao invés de curar a sociedade, prefere exterminar os jovens que batem com a descrição racista de um bandido

É um verdadeiro genocídio evidenciado pelas estatísticas #VidasNegrasImportam

— Ale Santos (@Savagefiction) February 15, 2019

Brazilian racism is a perfect crime: it sets the conditions to spread violence and instead of healing society, it prefers to exterminate young people who match their racist description of what a criminal looks like. It’s a true genocide, as statistics show. #BlackLivesMatter

巴西的種族歧視〔簡直〕是樁完美的犯罪：它塑造了一種氛圍，讓暴力滋長；相較於促進和解，它更願意對社會上那些（從他們種族歧視的眼中看來）像是罪犯的年輕人趕盡殺絕。正如統計數字所告訴我們的，這真的可以算得上是種族滅絕。#BlackLivesMatter（黑人的命也是命）

在 Pedro 遇害的三天之後，巴西五個大城市都爆發了抗議活動，群眾拉起了〔寫著〕「vidas negras importam」的布條──那是葡語，直譯自「black lives matter」（黑人的命也是命），源於 2014 年誕生於美國的一項〔社會〕運動；近年來，該運動在巴西逐漸獲得重視。

就如一名學生──十九歲的 Lyz Ramos──所告訴《衛報》（The Guardian）的：「我們得要站出來對抗這種事才能活命。這是生死存亡的事情。」